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00369_Field_CONFUCIANISM.txt
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1995-01-22
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CONFUCIANISM: A moral and political
philosophy taught by the Chinese philosopher
Confucius (551-479 B.C.).
Confucianism teaches that man has the
potential to be good. Rather than using force
to create order, man need simply follow his
conscience and a proper moral example.
Confucius himself spoke highly of the first
emperor Yao and the Duke of Chou, a
legendary figure from the early history of
CHINA, as ideal figures to be emulated. As
a moral code, Confucianism teaches total
loyalty to one's family, ancestors, and the
state. A good society can be brought about
by good government and harmonious
relations between people. The teachings of
Confucianism had a remarkable impact on
the history of CHINA. Many of his disciples
interpreted his teachings somewhat
differently. For instance, while Confucius
taught that all people are potentially good,
MENCIUS taught that all people are by nature
good. Hsun Tzu, another disciple of Confucius,
was witness to civil war and the overthrow of
his monarch. His philosophy is less optimistic
than that of MENCIUS and his writings discuss
problems in society and the ways of mending
them (see also Confucianism article).